The Practice of Argumentation by David Zarefsky

Author:David Zarefsky [Zarefsky, David]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: philosophy, Logic
ISBN: 9781107034716
Google: 9HCiDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: CambridgeUP
Published: 2019-09-19T00:06:31.365523+00:00

Fallacies of Specific Warrants

Chapter 5 presented several different patterns of inferences and the warrants that authorize them. For each, there are common fallacies that result from making inferences that are not warranted because the relationship among the statements is wrong.

Example

Warrants from example, you will recall, justify inferences that relate parts to wholes, by showing either that a specific instance is an example of a generalization or that a generalization applies to a specific instance. Three principal fallacies associated with this warrant are hasty generalization (sometimes called by the Latin term secundum quid), the fallacy of composition, and the fallacy of division. Hasty generalization results when a generalization is made from too few or from unrepresentative examples. The fallacy of composition assumes that what is true of the part is true of the whole, in a situation in which the whole is more or less than just the sum of the parts. And the fallacy of division is just the reverse, assuming that what is true of the whole is necessarily true of the part. These fallacies were all illustrated in Chapter 5 and you may want to review the cases offered there.

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